From word to page من الكلمة إلى الصفحة

Isnad · for courts and prosecutionBETA

An exhibit's history does not change quietly.

Every event written onto an exhibit carries its own fingerprint and the fingerprint of the one before it. Changing, removing or reordering a line breaks everything after it, and the system names the first line that no longer holds. The database itself refuses the edit and the deletion — not just the screen. And the parties read the whole chain: custody is there to be challenged.

Try tampering with the chain And redaction that destroys

Beta: the platform runs — the chain of custody, the exhibit register, redaction, the hearing record and admissibility. What your own court's rules alone require is shaped with them.

The chain of custody

Every link carries the fingerprint of the one before it

A mobile phone seized in a case. Add what happened to it, event after event — then try changing an old line, and watch what happens to everything after it. The fingerprints here are computed in your own browser, right now, by the same rule the platform uses.

Exhibit 3 — a mobile phone

Chain intact

What you see here is what the other side sees on every reading of the register: «intact» or «broken at event n». But in the platform itself the edit never gets this far: a guard inside the database refuses every change to a line, and every deletion except deleting the whole case.

Redaction

Redaction destroys what is under it, rather than covering it

A black box over text that is still there is not a redaction — copying the page is enough. So a redacted page is rebuilt as a picture, the box is painted into it, and the text beneath leaves the file altogether. Try searching both copies.

The originalwithheld from the room, kept by the court

The redacted copytakes the exhibit number, and goes to the parties

The search really runs on the text of both copies in this page. In the redacted copy the name does not come back — not in the page's text and not in the file's bytes — while the line that was not boxed stays text you can search.

And the box is rounded outwards on purpose: rounding to the nearest pixel leaves the dot of a letter under its edge.

The exhibit register

One number means one thing, in the judgment and on appeal

«Exhibit 7» in the record has to mean what it means in the judgment and on appeal. So there is one register, one sequence, and a number is never reused.

One sequence for documents and seized objects — «document 7» and «exhibit 3» come from the same register. Two sequences give a case two sevens.
And a number is never reused — evidence that is withdrawn stays on the register under its number, and if it comes back, it comes back under the same one.
What the court admits is registered by itself — at the moment of admission, with the name of whoever presented it. The registry enters physical exhibits by hand.
What has left the room stays on the register by number — and is named only to those who may still open it.
And the register says whether the file in the bundle is the file the chain last recorded — by its fingerprint, not by assumption.

The hearing record

Struck through, never edited — and frozen when it is signed

Writing

A line is struck, never erased

Appearances, requests, facts and rulings — what is written may be struck through, never edited. And the pages the court put on the screen enter the record from the log, not from anyone's memory.

Signing

The presiding judge alone

After the hearing ends, not before. Signing freezes the whole record under a fingerprint: nothing is added or struck afterwards, and a correction goes into the next hearing's record.

Citing

By number and by page together

A number is resolved into a particular page when it is written. Its status is read today: a page withdrawn after the hearing says «withdrawn» beside the signed record, without touching the record or its fingerprint.

The parties

Read the signed record, not the draft

The record opens to the parties once it is signed. Every page cited in it opens directly at that page — and the other way round: every page of the bundle lists the hearings at which it was argued.

Admissibility and objections

A party objects, and the court rules with reasons

Two separate acts, kept apart as a court keeps them: the objection comes from a party, the ruling from the judge — and both are written onto the exhibit's own chain.

An objection comes from a party, against the other side's evidence — never its own, never a withdrawn exhibit: denial of a photocopy, a plea of forgery, invalid evidence, irrelevance, out of time.
And the ruling is the judge's alone, with reasons — «admitted» or «excluded» are final and answer every open objection; «original required» and «reserved to the merits» are interim.
And excluded evidence stays in the file — being in the file and carrying weight as evidence are different questions. Removing it would have withdrawn page numbers the record already cites.

Who this is for

Anyone who will one day be asked: who touched this evidence?

The court

A chamber and its registry

A numbered bundle whose numbers do not move, an exhibit register with one sequence, and a record the presiding judge signs and freezes — all of it handed on to the appeal as it stands.

Prosecution and investigators

An exhibit that is asked how it got here

Who seized it, who examined it, who handed it to whom, when it was sealed and when the seal was broken — every event under its author's name and time, in a chain that does not let a line change quietly.

The expert and the laboratory

What was examined, when, and which copy

An examination is an event on the chain, and the copy examined is known by its fingerprint. So a report says which file it was written about — not «the attached copy».

The defence

A chain read in full

The parties read the whole custody record, because it is there to be challenged. They object to the other side's evidence on a named ground, and read the court's ruling with its reasons on the exhibit itself.

Where we drew the line

What we chose not to be

Every line here is a choice with a reason behind it — and a court that asks about it deserves to find it written down.

And a redacted page loses all of its text — it can no longer be searched or copied from, because that is what it means for the words to be destroyed rather than covered. The court still holds the original.
And the chain keeps what it is told — an exhibit passed from hand to hand without anyone recording it is not in it. It is a witness to what it is told, not an eye on the evidence store.
And whoever holds the database owner's password can disable the guard — the chain then shows the line that was edited. What it cannot show is a chain rewritten in full; that needs a fingerprint kept outside the database — a signed daily root, or a printout the court keeps — arranged with you.
And no encryption of files at rest yet — what protects the papers is that the server is your server, inside your network. That is a difference we state out loud rather than writing «encrypted» and going quiet.

Where we stand

A working core, and a layer built with you

Litigation adds the most of any sector to the shared core, because evidence is questioned there more than anywhere else.

What the platform stands on

A chain of custody for every exhibit, each link carrying the fingerprint of the one before
A guard in the database that refuses edits to the chain and its deletion
Every chain verified on every reading of the register: «intact» or «broken at…»
Redaction that rebuilds a page as a picture and takes the text beneath out of the file
An exhibit register with one sequence, and a number never reused
A hearing record struck through, never edited, frozen by the presiding judge's signature
Citation by number and page, with its status read today
Objections from the parties and rulings with reasons, on the exhibit's own chain
And under all of it the core: published numbering, Arabic search, the live hearing and the access log

And what is shaped with your institution

The kinds of objection and ruling your court uses
Photographs of physical exhibits beside their description
Anchoring the chain's fingerprints outside the database, the way you adopt
Deadlines for objections and the replies to them
A signed record for printing and archiving
The handover pack for an appeal
And what you see that we do not

Show us one of your cases

Contact

Start with one case

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